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==Georges Ducommun==
==Georges Ducommun==
[[File:RIH 1936 18-009 Doxa Georges Ducommun portrait.jpg|left|200px]]
[[File:RIH 1936 18-009 Doxa Georges Ducommun portrait.jpg|left|200px]]
Doxa was founded by [[Georges Ducommun]] ([[1866]]-[[1936]]) under his own name in [[1889]] in [[Le Locle]], Switzerland. Ducommun was born about 1866 in Le Locle, took a practical apprenticeship in watchmaking, and became a caser of watches. He began assembling watches for sale in 1889 in a small house at the bottom of Crêt-Vaillant in Le Locle. The company was registered in April [[1895]] on Girardet 68 in Le Locle under Georges-Arthur Ducommun as a manufacture of watches. The offices and workshops were co-located at that address, which was likely also his home.
Doxa was founded by [[Georges Ducommun]] ([[1868]]-[[1936]]) under his own name in [[1889]] in [[Le Locle]], Switzerland. Ducommun was born on April 2, 1868 in Le Locle to a poor family, and began working at a young age to earn money. He was apprenticed to a local watch case maker at 12 years old, though he still had responsibilities at home.
 
Ducommun began assembling watches for sale in 1889 in a small house at the bottom of Crêt-Vaillant in Le Locle. Having completed his first batch of watches, he walked to [[La Chaux-de-Fonds]] to sell them to a wholesaler and was astonished by the amount of money he could earn. Thus, Ducommun turned to watchmaking full-time. The company was officially registered in April [[1895]] on Girardet 68 in Le Locle under his name, "Georges-Arthur Ducommun," though the watches were un-branded. The offices and workshops were co-located at that address, which was also his home.
[[File:ADH 1905 20-042 Ducommun Doxa Ad.jpg|right|thumb|300px|This 1905 ad (and similar ones dating to 1903) show the Ducommun factory below the railroad line in Le Locle and the "Anti-Magnetique Doxa" branding]]
[[File:ADH 1905 20-042 Ducommun Doxa Ad.jpg|right|thumb|300px|This 1905 ad (and similar ones dating to 1903) show the Ducommun factory below the railroad line in Le Locle and the "Anti-Magnetique Doxa" branding]]
In 1896, after his marriage, Ducommun moved to a larger building at Rue des Billodes 28, next to the rapidly-growing factory of [[Georges Favre-Jacot]], which would become famous for the [[Zenith]] watch. The company boasted of specializing in 24 and 30 ligne movements. In 1900, he built the first part of the Doxa Factory there, which was expanded greatly in 1919. The original Doxa factory still stands, with an additional story added, and houses light manufacturing and businesses.
Having achieved some success in business, Georges Ducommun married Lucie Droz-dit-Busset in June of [[1896]]. Later that year the family and the company moved to a larger building at Rue des Billodes 28, next to the rapidly-growing factory of [[Georges Favre-Jacot]], which would become famous for the [[Zenith]] watch. The company boasted of specializing in 24 and 30 ligne movements. Ducommun was extremely focused on the quality of the watches he produced, insisting on personally inspecting each before it was released for sale.


The Ducommun family welcomed two children, a son and daughter. The son died as a young man while on a visit to the United States to visit customers, so Ducommun's daughter Héléne would become his heir. She married [[Jacques Nardin]], who would take over the factory following her father's 1936 death.
In 1900, he built the first part of the Doxa Factory next to his home on Rue des Billodes, which was expanded greatly in 1919. The offices soon moved to number 26, though the home and workshop were connected. The original Doxa factory still stands, with an additional story added, and houses light manufacturing and businesses.
 
The Ducommun family welcomed two children, a son and daughter. The son died as a young man while on a visit to the United States to visit customers, so Ducommun's daughter [[Hélène Nardin-Ducommun|Hélène]] would become his heir. She married [[Jacques Nardin]], who would take over the factory following her father's 1936 death.


A 1901 full-page advertisement in [[Indicateur Davoine]] shows a thriving business for Ducommun. The firm is already focused on "Fabrique de montres anti-magnétiques" with interchangeable anchor movements from 24 to 40 lignes. The images show well-finished pocket watches with "anti-magnetique" on the dial (though no other brand name).
A 1901 full-page advertisement in [[Indicateur Davoine]] shows a thriving business for Ducommun. The firm is already focused on "Fabrique de montres anti-magnétiques" with interchangeable anchor movements from 24 to 40 lignes. The images show well-finished pocket watches with "anti-magnetique" on the dial (though no other brand name).
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The company was officially re-named '''Doxa Watch Factory, Georges Ducommun''' in December [[1909]], following the [[1908]] introduction of an [[8-day]] watch movement that proved its value on the wrists of German soldiers in World War I. The firm was officially called "Doxa Watch Factory" by 1910, when the brand name DOXA was again registered alongside "OXA".
The company was officially re-named '''Doxa Watch Factory, Georges Ducommun''' in December [[1909]], following the [[1908]] introduction of an [[8-day]] watch movement that proved its value on the wrists of German soldiers in World War I. The firm was officially called "Doxa Watch Factory" by 1910, when the brand name DOXA was again registered alongside "OXA".


In May 1920, Georges Ducommun relinquished control, giving power of attorney for The Doxa Watch Factory to [[Jacques Nardin|Jacques André Nardin]], son of famed watchmaker and industrialist Paul-David Nardin and grandson of famed Le Locle watchmaker [[Ulysse Nardin]]. Nardin married Ducommun's daughter Héléne and would take over the firm following Ducommun's death in 1936. The couple lead it to fame in the post-war period. Nardin brought in Bernard Laberty and Alcide Matile in 1924 and Edouard-Christian Jenny in 1926 to help manage the growing business.
In May 1920, Georges Ducommun relinquished control, giving power of attorney for The Doxa Watch Factory to [[Jacques Nardin|Jacques André Nardin]], son of famed watchmaker and industrialist Paul-David Nardin and grandson of famed Le Locle watchmaker [[Ulysse Nardin]]. Nardin married [[Hélène Nardin-Ducommun|Ducommun's daughter Hélène]] and would take over the firm following Ducommun's death in 1936. The couple lead it to fame in the post-war period. Nardin brought in Bernard Laberty and Alcide Matile in 1924 and Edouard-Christian Jenny in 1926 to help manage the growing business.
[[File:Sha-001 1926 044 02164 Doxa La Regle du Temps mark.jpg|left|200px]][[File:PA 1927 01-011 Doxa La Règle du Temps Ad.jpg|right|200px]]
[[File:Sha-001 1926 044 02164 Doxa La Regle du Temps mark.jpg|left|200px]][[File:PA 1927 01-011 Doxa La Règle du Temps Ad.jpg|right|200px]]
Doxa registered a detailed pictorial logo featuring a classical figure, Roman numerals, and the phrase "La Règle du Temps" in 1926. This is likely the work of Edouard Jenny, who took commercial responsibility and dramatically updated the firm's marketing in the following decades.
Doxa registered a detailed pictorial logo featuring a classical figure, Roman numerals, and the phrase "La Règle du Temps" in 1926. This is likely the work of Edouard Jenny, who took commercial responsibility and dramatically updated the firm's marketing in the following decades.


In the 1920s, Ducommun became involved in other Swiss industrial concerns. He became vice-president of the [[Sonceboz Watch Factory]] in December 1920 and was vice-president of the new Martini automobile factory in Saint-Blaise in 1924. He also became involved in [[Zenith]] following its rough times in the post-war period under [[Jämes Favre]], joining the board in 1925 as Favre was forced out. Ducommun and Jacques Nardin joined the board of [[Le Phare]] (also formerly controlled by Favre) in 1927. It is likely that his Le Locle connections made him a friend of [[Georges Perrenoud]], who took over Zenith and Le Phare at this time and soon spun out the precision machine tools firm [[Dixi]]. Ducommun also joined the board of [[H. Moser & Cie.]] in 1927. Ducommun and Nardin left Le Phare in 1929 and Ducommun left Martini the following year and left Zenith in 1934.
In the 1920s, Ducommun became involved in other Swiss industrial concerns. He became vice-president of the [[Sonceboz Watch Factory]] in December 1920 and was vice-president of the new Martini automobile factory in Saint-Blaise in 1924. He also became involved in [[Zenith]] following its rough times in the post-war period under [[Jämes Favre]], joining the board in 1925 as Favre was forced out. Ducommun and Jacques Nardin joined the board of [[Le Phare]] (also formerly controlled by Favre) in 1927. It is likely that his Le Locle connections made him a friend of [[Georges Perrenoud]], who took over Zenith and Le Phare at this time and soon spun out the precision machine tools firm [[Dixi]]. Ducommun also joined the board of [[H. Moser & Cie.]] in 1927. Ducommun and Nardin left Le Phare in 1929 and Ducommun left Martini the following year and left Zenith in 1934.
Following the post-war bust and Great Depression, Doxa focused on retaining quality while cutting costs. The company also innovated, introducing the shock-proof "Doxa-Incassable", stainless steel "Doxa-Inoxydable", and waterproof "Doxa-Imperméable". The company also purchased the rights to a line of automobile clocks formerly produced by the Le Locle firm [[Louis Sandoz-Vuille|Les Fils de Louis Sandoz-Vuille]], which had failed. This broad approach allowed the company to survive through the 1930s.


The Doxa factory purchased an anti-shock patent from the Neuchatel cantonal bank in 1933. This had been registered by the [[Election]] factory in La Chaux-de-Fonds in 1929 but almost immediately taken by the bank. Doxa transferred it to [[Zodiac]], also of Le Locle, in 1935.
The Doxa factory purchased an anti-shock patent from the Neuchatel cantonal bank in 1933. This had been registered by the [[Election]] factory in La Chaux-de-Fonds in 1929 but almost immediately taken by the bank. Doxa transferred it to [[Zodiac]], also of Le Locle, in 1935.
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==Manufacture des Montres Doxa under Jacques Nardin==
==Manufacture des Montres Doxa under Jacques Nardin==
[[File:JSDH 1936 11-002-001-000 Jacques Nardin.jpg|left|200px]][[File:Swz-003 1940 000 0215 Doxa Imperméable Ad.jpg|right|200px]]
[[File:JSDH 1936 11-002-001-000 Jacques Nardin.jpg|left|200px]][[File:Swz-003 1940 000 0215 Doxa Imperméable Ad.jpg|right|200px]]
When Ducommun died on August 25, [[1936]], he was replaced at the helm by [[Jacques Nardin]]. He moved quickly to create a new [[Société Anonyme]], '''Manufacture des Montres Doxa''', with 500,000 francs share capital. 300,000 francs (in shares and cash) were paid to Georges' widow and an additional 100,000 francs in shares to his daughter, Héléne, wife of Jacques Nardin. The firm was located at Rue des Billodes 26 in Le Locle, next to the large Zenith factory. Amusingly, the company initially filed to take over "Georges Ducommun, Manufacture des Montres Doxa" before realizing that the official name of the company was the English form, "Doxa Watch Factory, Georges Ducommun"; this was rectified in September.
When Ducommun died on August 25, [[1936]], he was replaced at the helm by [[Jacques Nardin]]. He moved quickly to create a new [[Société Anonyme]], '''Manufacture des Montres Doxa''', with 500,000 francs share capital. 300,000 francs (in shares and cash) were paid to Georges' widow and an additional 100,000 francs in shares to [[Hélène Nardin-Ducommun|his daughter Hélène]], wife of Jacques Nardin. The firm was located at Rue des Billodes 26 in Le Locle, next to the large Zenith factory. Amusingly, the company initially filed to take over "Georges Ducommun, Manufacture des Montres Doxa" before realizing that the official name of the company was the English form, "Doxa Watch Factory, Georges Ducommun"; this was rectified in September.
 
[[Edouard Jenny]] of [[Berne]] was made commercial director at this time, a role he had been working up to since joining the company 10 years earlier. Jenny focused the company on selling in the upper-mid range at "the finest retailers" and added an emphasis on ladies watches. He also emphasized the company's waterproof watches in a series of ads around 1940. His descendants would purchase the Doxa brand and re-launch it in [[1997]]. Accountant [[Bernard Laberty]] assumed a larger management role as well, having worked in a similar position for the firm of [[Perret et Berthoud]] before they moved to Geneva and took on the name [[Universal Genève]].
 
Although the Swiss industry was consolidating in the form of [[Ebauches SA]] and [[ASUAG]], Doxa was able to continue in operation as an integrated manufacture. The company continued to produce its own ebauches in 8 distinct designs from small 5 ligne rectangular and tonneau movements to 8.75 and 10.5 ligne round movements for wristwatches. These were reserved solely for the company's own use, avoiding the scrutiny of the ebauche carte.
 
Doxa celebrated its fiftieth anniversary in [[1939]], issuing an illustrated book to place the company in the context of Swiss watchmaking. By this time all Doxa watches were said to be impermeable to water and dust, antimagnetic, and constructed of stainless steel. The collection featured unusual case shapes with clever strap and bracelet attachments for men and women. Doxa watches were designed for people who spend a lot of time outdoors: Businessmen, engineers, tourists, and athletes. The brand slogan was "The watch that marches with the times.”


[[Edouard Jenny]] of [[Berne]] was made commercial director at this time, a role he had been working up to since joining the company 10 years earlier. Jenny focused the company on selling in the upper-mid range at "the finest retailers" and added an emphasis on ladies watches. He also emphasized the company's waterproof watches in a series of ads around 1940. His descendants would purchase the Doxa brand and re-launch it in [[1997]]. Accountant [[Bernard Laberty]] assumed a larger management role as well, and was likely responsible for the company's expansion and financial success through and after the war.
[[File:Sol-001 1943 019 0035 Doxa L'heure exacte Ad.jpg|left|200px]]
[[File:Sol-001 1943 019 0035 Doxa L'heure exacte Ad.jpg|left|200px]]
Doxa returned to the battlefield in World War II with a series of popular durable wristwatches and [[chronograph]]s used by Swiss and German soldiers and aviators. Jenny advertised heavily in Swiss-market journals, focusing on the precision, protection from magnetism, shocks, and water, and thin and updated designs of the company's watches. The addition of chronographs by 1939 was also a reaction to their popularity among doctors, as evident by an advertisement that year focusing on measuring pulse rate. Models included a [[compax]] chronograph with 30 minute counter and telemeter and tachymeter scales by 1943, a full-calendar [[bi-compax]] model likely using the [[Valjoux 72c]] movement by 1944, and a full-calendar bi-compax with [[moon phase]] likely using the [[Valjoux 88]] movement by 1947. Doxa was very early to show such watches, though they may not have been commercially available until a few years later.  
Doxa returned to the battlefield in World War II with a series of popular durable wristwatches and [[chronograph]]s used by Swiss and German soldiers and aviators. Jenny advertised heavily in Swiss-market journals, focusing on the precision, protection from magnetism, shocks, and water, and thin and updated designs of the company's watches. The addition of chronographs by 1939 was also a reaction to their popularity among doctors, as evident by an advertisement that year focusing on measuring pulse rate. Models included a [[compax]] chronograph with 30 minute counter and telemeter and tachymeter scales by 1943, a full-calendar [[bi-compax]] model likely using the [[Valjoux 72c]] movement by 1944, and a full-calendar bi-compax with [[moon phase]] likely using the [[Valjoux 88]] movement by 1947. Doxa was very early to show such watches, though they may not have been commercially available until a few years later.  
 
[[File:EJW 1950 002-019 Doxa Shooting Ad.jpg|right|200px]]
Under Edouard Jenny, Doxa became a prolific advertiser in the 1940s, hiring the top commercial illustrators in Switzerland and working with the graphic design firms [[Haefeli]] and [[Fiedler]].
Under Edouard Jenny, Doxa became a prolific advertiser in the 1940s, hiring the top commercial illustrators in Switzerland and working with the graphic design firms [[Haefeli]] and [[Fiedler]].


After the war in 1944 Doxa established the "Fonds des œuvres sociales de Manufacture des montres DOXA" or workers' compensation fund. Many watchmaking companies established similar funds at this time as they shifted from familial to corporate structures. The fund added old-age pensions for workers in 1948. [[Eric-Alfred Perrenoud]] of La Sagne and Ponts-de-Martel joined Laberty in managing the financial side of the business along with [[Emile-Albert Jauslin]] from Muttenz.
After the war in 1944 Doxa established the "Fonds des œuvres sociales de Manufacture des montres DOXA" or workers' compensation fund. Many watchmaking companies established similar funds at this time as they shifted from familial to corporate structures. The fund added old-age pensions for workers in 1948. [[Eric-Alfred Perrenoud]] of La Sagne and Ponts-de-Martel joined Laberty in managing the financial side of the business along with [[Emile-Albert Jauslin]] from Muttenz. Perrenoud would become commercial director and Jauslin general manager in the 1950s.


Jacques Nardin died unexpectedly in [[1950]], with ownership of the company falling to his widow (and daughter of founder Georges Ducommun) Hélène. She managed the firm as chairwoman of the board until her death in [[1955]].
[[1950]] was a tumultuous year for Doxa. On February 22 accountant and power of attorney Bernard Laberty was arrested for bribery and unfair management. He was convicted of accepting bribes from wholesalers to direct company business to them. He confessed to the crime and was released in March after the company withdrew the charges following the payment of a fine, but his conviction was upheld and he was dismissed from Doxa. On August 26 [[Jacques-André Nardin]] died unexpectedly, leaving the company without a leader. Ownership fell back to his widow (and daughter of founder Georges Ducommun) Hélène Nardin-Ducommun. She managed the firm as chairwoman of the board until her death in [[1955]] alongside [[Edouard Jenny]] (who died in [[1953]]), [[Eric-Alfred Perrenoud]], and [[Emile-Albert Jauslin]] (who would ultimately guide Doxa through the 1950s).
 
==Doxa in the 1950s and 1960s==
Doxa benefited from the post-war boom, diversifying into compact and jewelry watches for ladies, classic slim dress watches for men, and technical innovations. The company had introduced center sweep seconds in the 1930s and added automatic winding by 1950. A ladies automatic was offered by 1952.


==Innovating Style and Technology in the 1950s and 1960s==
Doxa benefited from the post-war boom, diversifying into compact and jewelry watches for ladies, classic slim dress watches for men, and technical innovations. The company had introduced center sweep seconds in the 1930s and added automatic winding by 1950. A ladies automatic was added by 1951.
[[File:EJW 1954 026-178 Doxa Dead Beat 15000.jpg|left|300px]]
A major innovation for [[1954]] was an "[[dead-beat]]" watch with [[hacking seconds]]. The "Second Instantanée" retained the other selling points for Doxa: Anti-magnetism, anti-shock, and an unbreakable spring. In [[1956]] the company added the "Instantaneous" Ref. 15001, a central-seconds watch with hacking seconds and a "hold" feature activated by pressing the crown. The company added a model with a pushbutton to reset the seconds hand and a pulsometer scale on the dial by 1959.
A major innovation for [[1954]] was an "[[dead-beat]]" watch with [[hacking seconds]]. The "Second Instantanée" retained the other selling points for Doxa: Anti-magnetism, anti-shock, and an unbreakable spring. In [[1956]] the company added the "Instantaneous" Ref. 15001, a central-seconds watch with hacking seconds and a "hold" feature activated by pressing the crown. The company added a model with a pushbutton to reset the seconds hand and a pulsometer scale on the dial by 1959.


Doxa continued a strong association with Germany after the war, outfitting the German World Cup football team with gold watches. But Doxa was popular worldwide, thanks to a wide range of quality offerings and strong distribution.
Doxa continued a strong association with Germany after the war, outfitting the German World Cup football team with gold watches. But Doxa was popular worldwide, thanks to a wide range of quality offerings and strong distribution.
[[File:LSH 1959 02-003 Doxa Grafic Ad.jpg|right|300px]]
[[Emile Jauslin]] had risen to become managing director of the company following the sudden deaths of his predecessors, [[Jacques Nardin]] in 1950 and [[Edouard Jenny]] in 1953. Working with commercial director [[Emile Perrenoud]] and advertising manager Paul Henry, Jauslin worked to establish Doxa as a modern brand. One of his most important accomplishments was the [[1956]] introduction of the "Grafic", a line of square watches featuring 12 straight radial lines emanating from the center. Most watches were quite ornate in the mid-1950s, but younger buyers were enamored by the plain [[Bauhaus]] aesthetic. Paul Henry, working with Jean Perrelet, created a plain watch with a dial adorned only with a crosshair (at first) and then radial lines. The company also moved the brand name to the lower right corner and later added a round date window at the upper left. The watch was incredibly successful in the fashion-conscious Italian market before becoming a best-seller worldwide.
In 1958 Doxa introduced a model with [[retrograde]] hours and an open arched window showing the sun and moon. Another unusual model was the "Individual", introduced in 1959, which features the solid gold initials of its owner on the dial.
==The Doxa Sub==


In [[1956]] Doxa introduced the "Grafic", a line of [[Bauhaus]] square watches featuring 12 straight radial lines emanating from the center. This would be a signature model for the company through the 1960s, including a model with a round date window at 10:30.
At the [[Basel Fair]] in [[1967]], Doxa introduced the "Sub 300", a waterproof diving watch popular with sport and military divers. The Sub 300 was submersible to 30 atmospheres and featured a special turning bezel for computing dive times and an expandable bracelet. It was available in three versions: The Professional featured an orange dial, the Sharkhunter a black dial, and the Searaider with a gray metallic dial. The orange dial and over-sized minute hand would become symbols of the model and the brand.


In 1958 Doxa introduced a model with [[retrograde]] hours and an open arched window showing the sun and moon. Another unusual model was the "Individual", introduced in 1959, which features the solid gold initials of its owner on the dial.
A Sub 300 T Conquistador model was introduced at the Basel fair in [[1968]]. It featured a pressure release valve at 9:00 on the case along with the signature one-way computer bezel, orange dial, and over-sized minutes hand. A ladies model, the Sub 200 Coraline was also introduced.
 
In [[1969]] Doxa introduced the Sub 200 T-Graph, a [[chronograph]] model of the Sub. It features the one-way bezel computer, over-sized minutes hand, and orange dial but adds a 30-minute counter at 3:00. It was water resistant to 200 meters.
 
==Synchron==


In [[1967]], Doxa introduced the "Sub", a waterproof diving watch popular with sport and military divers. The orange dial of the [[Doxa Sub]] would become a hallmark for the brand.
Doxa was facing hard times, however, and the brand joined [[ASUAG]] in [[1968]]. On March 27, [[1969]] it was placed in their new [[Synchron]] group alongside [[Ernest Borel]] and [[Cyma]] and the three brands were marketed together throughout the 1970's.


Doxa was facing hard times, however, and the brand joined [[ASUAG]] in [[1968]]. It was placed in their new [[Synchron]] group alongside [[Ernest Borel]] and [[Cyma]] and the three brands were marketed together throughout the 1970's. At the height of the [[quartz crisis]], the Synchron group brands were sold and Ernest Borel and [[Doxa]] were taken over by [[Aubry Frères]] in [[1978]]. Doxa would be Aubry's primary brand in Europe, while Ernest Borel focused on the Americas and China and [[West End]] watch in the Middle East.
At the height of the [[quartz crisis]], the Synchron group brands were sold and Ernest Borel and [[Doxa]] were taken over by [[Aubry Frères]] in [[1978]]. Doxa would be Aubry's primary brand in Europe, while Ernest Borel focused on the Americas and China and [[West End]] watch in the Middle East.


==Doxa Today==
==Doxa Today==


In [[1997]], the Doxa brand was purchased by the Jenny family of [[Bienne]], Switzerland. The Sub was re-launched in [[2002]] and the Grafic in [[2007]]. Once again, Doxa focuses on sport and especially dive watches, with the orange dial Sub prominently featured. In [[2014]] the brand released an 8 Day "manufacture" movement watch to celebrate their history.
In [[1997]], the Doxa brand was purchased by the Jenny family of [[Bienne]], Switzerland. The Sub was re-launched in [[2002]] and the Grafic in [[2007]]. Once again, Doxa focuses on sport and especially dive watches, with the orange dial Sub prominently featured. In [[2004]] Doxa released the "Mythos 54", a watch commemorating the 1954 World Cup victory of the German National football team. Romeo Jenny was director of the company at this time.
 
In [[2014]] the brand released an 8 Day "manufacture" movement watch to celebrate their history.


==Timeline==
==Timeline==
* 1866 - Georges-Arthur Ducommun-dit-Verron is born in Le Locle
 
===Important People===
* [[Georges Ducommun]] ([[1868]]-[[1936]]) - Founder
* [[Hélène Nardin-Ducommun]] (1897?-[[1955]]) - Chairwoman
* [[Jacques-André Nardin]] ([[1892]]-[[1950]]) - General Manager
* [[Bernard Laberty]] (1886?-[[1983]]) - Power of Attorney
* [[Alcide Matile]] ([[1884]]-[[1951]]) - Sales Manager
* [[Edouard-Christian Jenny]] (1892?-[[1953]]) - General Manager
* [[Emile-Albert Jauslin]] ([[1919]]-[[1964]]) - General Manager
* [[Eric-Alfred Perrenoud]] ([[1911]]-[[1988]]) - Commercial Manager
 
===Georges Ducommun===
:See Also: [[Georges Ducommun]]
* 1868 - Georges-Arthur Ducommun-dit-Verron is born in Le Locle
* 1889 - Georges Ducommun begins production of watches at his home, Girardet 68, in Le Locle
* 1889 - Georges Ducommun begins production of watches at his home, Girardet 68, in Le Locle
* 1895, April - The head of the business Georges Ducommun in Le Locle is Georges-Arthur Ducommun, in Le Locle, domiciled there. Type of business: Manufacture of watches. Offices and workshops: 68 Girardet
* 1895, April - The head of the business Georges Ducommun in Le Locle is Georges-Arthur Ducommun, in Le Locle, domiciled there. Type of business: Manufacture of watches. Offices and workshops: 68 Girardet
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* 1904, December 6 - The "SIDUS" trademark is registered in Switzerland
* 1904, December 6 - The "SIDUS" trademark is registered in Switzerland
* 1905, January 28 - The "Protos" trademark is registered in Switzerland
* 1905, January 28 - The "Protos" trademark is registered in Switzerland
* 1906 - Doxa wins a gold medal at the International Exposition in Milan
* 1907, August 6 - The "Va Sano" trademark is registered in Switzerland
* 1907, August 6 - The "Va Sano" trademark is registered in Switzerland
* 1908 - Doxa patents an 8-day watch movement
* 1909, December - The eponymous business of Georges Ducommun in Le Locle changed its name to "Doxa Watch Factory, Georges Ducommun".
* 1909, December - The eponymous business of Georges Ducommun in Le Locle changed its name to "Doxa Watch Factory, Georges Ducommun".
* 1909, December 13 - Two design patents (CH17517) are registered for watch movements
* 1909, December 13 - Two design patents (CH17517) are registered for watch movements
* 1910, March 5 - The stand-alone "DOXA" trademark is registered in Switzerland
* 1910, March 5 - The stand-alone "DOXA" trademark is registered in Switzerland
* 1910, December 30 - The "OXA" trademark (CH28603) is registered in Switzerland
* 1910, December 30 - The "OXA" trademark (CH28603) is registered in Switzerland
* 1912 - Georges Ducommun purchases the historic [[Château-des-Monts]] above Le Locle
* 1919 - The Ducommun factory at Rue des Billodes is expanded
* 1919 - The Ducommun factory at Rue des Billodes is expanded
* 1919, May 16 - Hélène-Lucie Ducommun marries [[Jacques Nardin|Jacques-André Nardin]], son of Paul-David Nardin and grandson of [[Ulysse Nardin]]
* 1919, May 16 - Hélène-Lucie Ducommun marries [[Jacques Nardin|Jacques-André Nardin]], son of Paul-David Nardin and grandson of [[Ulysse Nardin]]
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* 1920, December 3 - The "DOMINANT" trademark is registered in Switzerland
* 1920, December 3 - The "DOMINANT" trademark is registered in Switzerland
* 1920, December - Georges Ducommun becomes vice-president of the board of [[Fabrique d'Horlogerie de Sonceboz]]
* 1920, December - Georges Ducommun becomes vice-president of the board of [[Fabrique d'Horlogerie de Sonceboz]]
* 1921 - Doxa begins supplying automobile clocks to Bugatti
* 1922, June 9 - The "Anti-Magnétique DOXA" trademark (CH52223) is renewed in Switzerland
* 1922, June 9 - The "Anti-Magnétique DOXA" trademark (CH52223) is renewed in Switzerland
* 1923, December 21 - The stand-alone "DOXA" trademark (CH55494) is renewed in Switzerland
* 1923, December 21 - The stand-alone "DOXA" trademark (CH55494) is renewed in Switzerland
* 1924, January 30 - The "SIDUS" trademark (CH55669) is renewed in Switzerland
* 1924, January 30 - The "SIDUS" trademark (CH55669) is renewed in Switzerland
* 1924, June 28 - Georges Ducommun is made vice-president of the board of [[La Nouvelle Société Anonyme des Automobiles Martini]] of Saint-Blaise
* 1924, June 28 - Georges Ducommun is made vice-president of the board of [[La Nouvelle Société Anonyme des Automobiles Martini]] of Saint-Blaise
* 1924, September - The Doxa Watch Factory Georges Ducommun, manufacture of watches, in Locle gives power of attorney to [[Bernard Laberty]], from Le Locle, and [[Alcide Matile]], from La Sagne, both domiciled in Le Locle, who will commit the house by their signature affixed collectively.
* 1924, September - The Doxa Watch Factory Georges Ducommun, manufacture of watches, in Locle gives power of attorney to [[Bernard Laberty]], formerly of [[Perret et Berthoud]], and [[Alcide Matile]], from La Sagne, both domiciled in Le Locle, who will commit the house by their signature affixed collectively.
* 1925, February 4 - The "Protos" trademark (CH58076) is renewed in Switzerland
* 1925, February 4 - The "Protos" trademark (CH58076) is renewed in Switzerland
* 1925, April 23 - Georges Ducommun joins the board of [[Comptoir des Montres Zénith]] in Le Locle
* 1925, April 23 - Georges Ducommun joins the board of [[Comptoir des Montres Zénith]] in Le Locle
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* 1936, February 1 - Doxa registers the "AXOD" trademark (CH87685) in Switzerland
* 1936, February 1 - Doxa registers the "AXOD" trademark (CH87685) in Switzerland
* 1936, August 25 - Georges Ducommun dies
* 1936, August 25 - Georges Ducommun dies
* 1937, February 8 - A new public limited company called Manufacture des Montres Doxa with headquarters in Le Locle took over the assets and liabilities of the firm "Doxa Watch Factory, Georges Ducommun", and continued the operation of the factory. This recovery takes place on the basis of an inventory and a balance sheet as at 31 December 1936 with assets of 698,169 fr. 43 including: real estate, goods, receivables, securities and cash, and liabilities of 398,169 fr. 43 including: a claim secured by mortgage of 196,750 fr. and unsecured claims. The net assets of 300,000 francs are payable by the delivery of 200 shares of 1000 francs to the widow of Georges Ducommun and 100 shares to Héléne Nardin née Ducommun. The duration of the company is unlimited. The share capital is set at 500,000 francs, divided into 500 bearer shares of 1000 francs each, fully released. The company's publications will be made in the Swiss Official Trade Gazette. The administration of the company is entrusted to one or more members who bind the company by their individual signature. Only one director was appointed in the person of Jacques-André Nardin, son of Paul-David, industrialist, from Locle, domiciled there. Offices: Rue des Billodes 26.
 
===Manufacture des Montres Doxa===
:See Also: [[Jacques-André Nardin]], [[Edouard-Christian Jenny]], [[Eric-Alfred Perrenoud]], and [[Emile-Albert Jauslin]]
* 1937, February 8 - A new public limited company called Manufacture des Montres Doxa with headquarters in Le Locle took over the assets and liabilities of the firm "Doxa Watch Factory, Georges Ducommun", and continued the operation of the factory. This recovery takes place on the basis of an inventory and a balance sheet as at 31 December 1936 with assets of 698,169 fr. 43 including: real estate, goods, receivables, securities and cash, and liabilities of 398,169 fr. 43 including: a claim secured by mortgage of 196,750 fr. and unsecured claims. The net assets of 300,000 francs are payable by the delivery of 200 shares of 1000 francs to the widow of Georges Ducommun and 100 shares to [[Hélène Nardin-Ducommun|Hélène Nardin née Ducommun]]. The duration of the company is unlimited. The share capital is set at 500,000 francs, divided into 500 bearer shares of 1000 francs each, fully released. The company's publications will be made in the Swiss Official Trade Gazette. The administration of the company is entrusted to one or more members who bind the company by their individual signature. Only one director was appointed in the person of Jacques-André Nardin, son of Paul-David, industrialist, from Locle, domiciled there. Offices: Rue des Billodes 26.
* 1937, March - Following the death of Georges Ducommun, the firm "Doxa Watch Factory, Georges Ducommun" is deleted, with assets and liabilities taken over by the limited company "Manufacture des Montres Doxa"; [[Edouard Jenny]] is made commercial director and accountant [[Bernard Laberty]] is board proxy of the new company
* 1937, March - Following the death of Georges Ducommun, the firm "Doxa Watch Factory, Georges Ducommun" is deleted, with assets and liabilities taken over by the limited company "Manufacture des Montres Doxa"; [[Edouard Jenny]] is made commercial director and accountant [[Bernard Laberty]] is board proxy of the new company
* 1939, January - Georges Ducommun is officially removed from the board of H. Moser & Cie.
* 1939, January - Georges Ducommun is officially removed from the board of H. Moser & Cie.
* 1943, November 8 - The "DOXA" mark (CH105623) is renewed under the new company name in Switzerland
* 1943, November 8 - The "DOXA" mark (CH105623) is renewed under the new company name in Switzerland
* 1944 - Doxa launches a round wristwatch with a date pointer
* 1944, May 31 - The "Fonds des œuvres sociales de Manufacture des montres DOXA" (workers' compensation fund) is established for Doxa workers; the board of directors consists of Jacques-André Nardin (president), Edouard-Christian Jenny (vice president), and Bernard Laberty (secretary and treasurer)
* 1944, May 31 - The "Fonds des œuvres sociales de Manufacture des montres DOXA" (workers' compensation fund) is established for Doxa workers; the board of directors consists of Jacques-André Nardin (president), Edouard-Christian Jenny (vice president), and Bernard Laberty (secretary and treasurer)
* 1944, July 20 - The company name is changed to "Manufacture des Montres Doxa SA"; the purpose of the company is "manufacture, purchase and sale of watches. It may be interested in all: commercial, industrial, financial, movable or real estate transactions relating directly or indirectly, in whole or in part, to the above object or to any similar or related objects, both in Switzerland and abroad"; 500 bearer vouchers without nominal value are issued giving holders the right to a portion of the net profit; directors are named: Jacques-André Nardin (managing director) and Edouard-Christian Jenny (director and commercial director)
* 1944, July 20 - The company name is changed to "Manufacture des Montres Doxa SA"; the purpose of the company is "manufacture, purchase and sale of watches. It may be interested in all: commercial, industrial, financial, movable or real estate transactions relating directly or indirectly, in whole or in part, to the above object or to any similar or related objects, both in Switzerland and abroad"; 500 bearer vouchers without nominal value are issued giving holders the right to a portion of the net profit; directors are named: Jacques-André Nardin (managing director) and Edouard-Christian Jenny (director and commercial director)
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* 1948, January 28 - The workers' fund is expanded to cover old-age pensions
* 1948, January 28 - The workers' fund is expanded to cover old-age pensions
* 1949, December 7 - The pictorial "DOXA" logo (CH131514) with hands emanating from a pocket watch is renewed
* 1949, December 7 - The pictorial "DOXA" logo (CH131514) with hands emanating from a pocket watch is renewed
* 1950, February 22 - Accountant [[Bernard Laberty]] is arrested in a bribery scandal: He was accused of accepting 70,000 francs to steer business to certain wholesalers of Doxa watches
* 1950, March 8 - Doxa withdraws the complaint against Bernard Laberty following his confession and payment of a penalty to the company; he is released from prison
* 1950, May - Bernard Laberty is officially dismissed from his duties at Doxa
* 1950, August 26 - [[Jacques-André Nardin]] dies suddenly, leaving the company leaderless
* 1950, November 16 - Bernard Laberty's appeal of his sentence is denied
* 1950, December 14 - Following the death of Jacques-André Nardin, President, and the dismissal of Bernard Laberty, 2nd Vice-President, the workers' fund board of directors appointed two new members: Hélène Nardin née Ducommun is president, Edouard-Christian Jenny is vice-president, Eric-Alfred Perrenoud is secretary-treasurer, Emile-Albert Jauslin is assessor
* 1951, January 5 - At the shareholders' meeting the Board of Directors appointed Edouard-Christian Jenny as Director following the death of Jacques-André Nardin; Hélène Nardin née Ducommun is president and managing director, Edouard-Christian Jenny is vice-president and director, Edouard Wenger, Max Jaggi, Louis Huguenin, and Jean Perrin are directors
* 1951, June 23 - At its meeting, the board of directors appointed Edouard-Christian Jenny as general manager, Eric-Alfred Perrenoud as commercial director, and Emile-Albert Jauslin as manufacturing director
* 1953, January 28 - Edouard Jenny, General Manager of Doxa, dies; he is removed as director in June
* 1953, June - Jean Perrin takes the place of Edouard Jenny as vice-president of the workers' fund
* 1954 - Doxa presents a gold watch to every player on the World Cup winning German national team
* 1955, July 28 - Hélène Nardin-Ducommun, chairwoman of Doxa, daughter of founder Georges Ducommun, and widow of general manager Jacques Nardin, dies
* 1955, October 31 - Following the death of Hélène Nardin, Pierre-William-Marc Duchosal becomes a director; the board of directors consists of president Max Jaggi, vice-president and managing director Louis Huguenin, director Emile-Albert Jauslin, and appointed Louise-Germaine Dubois, Marcel-Paul Bouverat, and Paul-Edouard Henry
* 1955, December 23 - Hélène Nardin-Ducommun is replaced at the workers' fund by Jean Perrin as president, Emile-Albert Jauslin as vice-president, Eric-Alfred Perrenoud as secretary-treasurer, and Marcel-Paul Bouverat as assessor
* 1956 - Doxa introduces the bold Grafic line
* 1961, December - Following his resignation, Edouard Wenger is no longer a member of the Board of Directors
* 1964 - General manager Emile Jauslin dies in a car accident; his son Jean-Frédéric would become Director of the Swiss Office for Cultural Affairs
* 1964, August - Following the death of Emile Jauslin, Urs Eschle becomes commercial director and Jean Robert becomes technical director; Eric Perrenoud becomes vice-president of the workers' fund, while Marcel-Paul Bouverat replaces him as secretary-treasurer
* 1966, September - The signature of Louise-Germaine Dubois is removed
* 1967 - Doxa introduces the Sub 300 T dive watch
* 1968 - Doxa introduces the Sub 200 ladies dive watch
* 1968, September - The signature of Urs-Aloïs Eschle is removed; André Theurillat is appointed general manager
===Synchron SA===
:See Also: [[Synchron]] and [[Chronos Holding]]
* 1968, December 18 - The firm [[Ernest Borel|Ernest Borel & Cie SA]] changes its name to [[Synchron|Synchron SA]]
* 1969, February - Following resignations, the signatures of Max Jaggi, Chairman of the Board of Directors, and Pierre Ducbosal, Director, are deleted; appointed director, as chairman of the board, Jean-Louis Borel, and directors, Jean. Hegetschweiler and Jean-Robert Bugnion; the appointments of Louis Huguenin as vice-president and managing director are extinguished, he remains director
* 1969, March 27 - Synchron SA takes over [[Cyma|Cyma Watch Co SA]] and Manufacture des Montres Doxa SA: Following the authentic minutes of its general meeting of March 27, 1969, the company decided to merge with Synchron SA; on the basis of a balance sheet at 31 December 1968 according to which Synchron SA universally takes over the assets and liabilities of Manufacture des Montres Doxa SA; Manufacture des Montres Doxa SA is dissolved
* 1970 - Doxa introduces the Sub 600 Conquistador with helium escape valve
* 1973 - Doxa introduces the Sub 250 with crown at 4:00
* 1977 - Synchron SA begins bankruptcy proceedings
* 1995 - Doxa introduces a re-edition of the Grafic line
===Jenny Family===
* 1997 - Doxa is purchased by the Jenny family; Romeo F. Jenny becomes president
* 2002 - Doxa launches a re-edition of the Sub 300 T
* 2004 - Doxa launches the "Mythos 54" watch
* 2007 - Doxa re-launches the Grafic line for its 50th anniversary


[[Category:Watch brands Switzerland]]
[[Category:Watch brands Switzerland]]
[[Category:Synchron]]
[[Category:Synchron]]
[[Category:ASUAG]]
[[Category:ASUAG]]

Latest revision as of 01:29, 17 November 2024

Doxa is a Swiss watch brand founded in 1889 and once again available today.

Georges Ducommun

Doxa was founded by Georges Ducommun (1868-1936) under his own name in 1889 in Le Locle, Switzerland. Ducommun was born on April 2, 1868 in Le Locle to a poor family, and began working at a young age to earn money. He was apprenticed to a local watch case maker at 12 years old, though he still had responsibilities at home.

Ducommun began assembling watches for sale in 1889 in a small house at the bottom of Crêt-Vaillant in Le Locle. Having completed his first batch of watches, he walked to La Chaux-de-Fonds to sell them to a wholesaler and was astonished by the amount of money he could earn. Thus, Ducommun turned to watchmaking full-time. The company was officially registered in April 1895 on Girardet 68 in Le Locle under his name, "Georges-Arthur Ducommun," though the watches were un-branded. The offices and workshops were co-located at that address, which was also his home.

This 1905 ad (and similar ones dating to 1903) show the Ducommun factory below the railroad line in Le Locle and the "Anti-Magnetique Doxa" branding

Having achieved some success in business, Georges Ducommun married Lucie Droz-dit-Busset in June of 1896. Later that year the family and the company moved to a larger building at Rue des Billodes 28, next to the rapidly-growing factory of Georges Favre-Jacot, which would become famous for the Zenith watch. The company boasted of specializing in 24 and 30 ligne movements. Ducommun was extremely focused on the quality of the watches he produced, insisting on personally inspecting each before it was released for sale.

In 1900, he built the first part of the Doxa Factory next to his home on Rue des Billodes, which was expanded greatly in 1919. The offices soon moved to number 26, though the home and workshop were connected. The original Doxa factory still stands, with an additional story added, and houses light manufacturing and businesses.

The Ducommun family welcomed two children, a son and daughter. The son died as a young man while on a visit to the United States to visit customers, so Ducommun's daughter Hélène would become his heir. She married Jacques Nardin, who would take over the factory following her father's 1936 death.

A 1901 full-page advertisement in Indicateur Davoine shows a thriving business for Ducommun. The firm is already focused on "Fabrique de montres anti-magnétiques" with interchangeable anchor movements from 24 to 40 lignes. The images show well-finished pocket watches with "anti-magnetique" on the dial (though no other brand name).

Two other men named "Georges Ducommun", including one from Le Locle, set up businesses in La Chaux-de-Fonds in this same time period. One produced watch cases, a business that continued for years after his death in 1931. The other produced watches, including fancy ladies watches, with his wife under the name Ducommun-Robert.

Doxa

The Doxa brand name was registered on March 7, 1902 by Georges Ducommun of Le Locle. It was specified as "anti-magnétique", suggesting that the name was related to the anti-magnetic stainless steel being developed at that time by inventors such as Charles-Frédéric Guillaume and Paul Perret. These were commonly called "inoxydable" and marked "Inox", giving rise to brand names like Doxa. He registered "Automobil Doxa" in 1903. The name was used in advertising as early as 1903 on anti-magnetic watches.

In 1905, Doxa took part in the Liége Exhibition, though not as a competitor since Georges Ducommun was a member of the jury for watchmaking. In 1925, at the Exhibition of Decorative Arts in Paris, Ducommun was called upon to serve as president of the Swiss watchmaking group and vice-president of the international group.

The factory appears to have been expanded by 1908 with a new building between Doxa and neighbor Zenith. The company was also advertising 8-day watches and special automobile clocks, and the gold medal won at the 1906 Milan exhibition. The company boasted that it had patented watch movements from 10 to 60 lignes.

The company was officially re-named Doxa Watch Factory, Georges Ducommun in December 1909, following the 1908 introduction of an 8-day watch movement that proved its value on the wrists of German soldiers in World War I. The firm was officially called "Doxa Watch Factory" by 1910, when the brand name DOXA was again registered alongside "OXA".

In May 1920, Georges Ducommun relinquished control, giving power of attorney for The Doxa Watch Factory to Jacques André Nardin, son of famed watchmaker and industrialist Paul-David Nardin and grandson of famed Le Locle watchmaker Ulysse Nardin. Nardin married Ducommun's daughter Hélène and would take over the firm following Ducommun's death in 1936. The couple lead it to fame in the post-war period. Nardin brought in Bernard Laberty and Alcide Matile in 1924 and Edouard-Christian Jenny in 1926 to help manage the growing business.

Doxa registered a detailed pictorial logo featuring a classical figure, Roman numerals, and the phrase "La Règle du Temps" in 1926. This is likely the work of Edouard Jenny, who took commercial responsibility and dramatically updated the firm's marketing in the following decades.

In the 1920s, Ducommun became involved in other Swiss industrial concerns. He became vice-president of the Sonceboz Watch Factory in December 1920 and was vice-president of the new Martini automobile factory in Saint-Blaise in 1924. He also became involved in Zenith following its rough times in the post-war period under Jämes Favre, joining the board in 1925 as Favre was forced out. Ducommun and Jacques Nardin joined the board of Le Phare (also formerly controlled by Favre) in 1927. It is likely that his Le Locle connections made him a friend of Georges Perrenoud, who took over Zenith and Le Phare at this time and soon spun out the precision machine tools firm Dixi. Ducommun also joined the board of H. Moser & Cie. in 1927. Ducommun and Nardin left Le Phare in 1929 and Ducommun left Martini the following year and left Zenith in 1934.

Following the post-war bust and Great Depression, Doxa focused on retaining quality while cutting costs. The company also innovated, introducing the shock-proof "Doxa-Incassable", stainless steel "Doxa-Inoxydable", and waterproof "Doxa-Imperméable". The company also purchased the rights to a line of automobile clocks formerly produced by the Le Locle firm Les Fils de Louis Sandoz-Vuille, which had failed. This broad approach allowed the company to survive through the 1930s.

The Doxa factory purchased an anti-shock patent from the Neuchatel cantonal bank in 1933. This had been registered by the Election factory in La Chaux-de-Fonds in 1929 but almost immediately taken by the bank. Doxa transferred it to Zodiac, also of Le Locle, in 1935.

Manufacture des Montres Doxa under Jacques Nardin

When Ducommun died on August 25, 1936, he was replaced at the helm by Jacques Nardin. He moved quickly to create a new Société Anonyme, Manufacture des Montres Doxa, with 500,000 francs share capital. 300,000 francs (in shares and cash) were paid to Georges' widow and an additional 100,000 francs in shares to his daughter Hélène, wife of Jacques Nardin. The firm was located at Rue des Billodes 26 in Le Locle, next to the large Zenith factory. Amusingly, the company initially filed to take over "Georges Ducommun, Manufacture des Montres Doxa" before realizing that the official name of the company was the English form, "Doxa Watch Factory, Georges Ducommun"; this was rectified in September.

Edouard Jenny of Berne was made commercial director at this time, a role he had been working up to since joining the company 10 years earlier. Jenny focused the company on selling in the upper-mid range at "the finest retailers" and added an emphasis on ladies watches. He also emphasized the company's waterproof watches in a series of ads around 1940. His descendants would purchase the Doxa brand and re-launch it in 1997. Accountant Bernard Laberty assumed a larger management role as well, having worked in a similar position for the firm of Perret et Berthoud before they moved to Geneva and took on the name Universal Genève.

Although the Swiss industry was consolidating in the form of Ebauches SA and ASUAG, Doxa was able to continue in operation as an integrated manufacture. The company continued to produce its own ebauches in 8 distinct designs from small 5 ligne rectangular and tonneau movements to 8.75 and 10.5 ligne round movements for wristwatches. These were reserved solely for the company's own use, avoiding the scrutiny of the ebauche carte.

Doxa celebrated its fiftieth anniversary in 1939, issuing an illustrated book to place the company in the context of Swiss watchmaking. By this time all Doxa watches were said to be impermeable to water and dust, antimagnetic, and constructed of stainless steel. The collection featured unusual case shapes with clever strap and bracelet attachments for men and women. Doxa watches were designed for people who spend a lot of time outdoors: Businessmen, engineers, tourists, and athletes. The brand slogan was "The watch that marches with the times.”

Doxa returned to the battlefield in World War II with a series of popular durable wristwatches and chronographs used by Swiss and German soldiers and aviators. Jenny advertised heavily in Swiss-market journals, focusing on the precision, protection from magnetism, shocks, and water, and thin and updated designs of the company's watches. The addition of chronographs by 1939 was also a reaction to their popularity among doctors, as evident by an advertisement that year focusing on measuring pulse rate. Models included a compax chronograph with 30 minute counter and telemeter and tachymeter scales by 1943, a full-calendar bi-compax model likely using the Valjoux 72c movement by 1944, and a full-calendar bi-compax with moon phase likely using the Valjoux 88 movement by 1947. Doxa was very early to show such watches, though they may not have been commercially available until a few years later.

Under Edouard Jenny, Doxa became a prolific advertiser in the 1940s, hiring the top commercial illustrators in Switzerland and working with the graphic design firms Haefeli and Fiedler.

After the war in 1944 Doxa established the "Fonds des œuvres sociales de Manufacture des montres DOXA" or workers' compensation fund. Many watchmaking companies established similar funds at this time as they shifted from familial to corporate structures. The fund added old-age pensions for workers in 1948. Eric-Alfred Perrenoud of La Sagne and Ponts-de-Martel joined Laberty in managing the financial side of the business along with Emile-Albert Jauslin from Muttenz. Perrenoud would become commercial director and Jauslin general manager in the 1950s.

1950 was a tumultuous year for Doxa. On February 22 accountant and power of attorney Bernard Laberty was arrested for bribery and unfair management. He was convicted of accepting bribes from wholesalers to direct company business to them. He confessed to the crime and was released in March after the company withdrew the charges following the payment of a fine, but his conviction was upheld and he was dismissed from Doxa. On August 26 Jacques-André Nardin died unexpectedly, leaving the company without a leader. Ownership fell back to his widow (and daughter of founder Georges Ducommun) Hélène Nardin-Ducommun. She managed the firm as chairwoman of the board until her death in 1955 alongside Edouard Jenny (who died in 1953), Eric-Alfred Perrenoud, and Emile-Albert Jauslin (who would ultimately guide Doxa through the 1950s).

Innovating Style and Technology in the 1950s and 1960s

Doxa benefited from the post-war boom, diversifying into compact and jewelry watches for ladies, classic slim dress watches for men, and technical innovations. The company had introduced center sweep seconds in the 1930s and added automatic winding by 1950. A ladies automatic was added by 1951.

A major innovation for 1954 was an "dead-beat" watch with hacking seconds. The "Second Instantanée" retained the other selling points for Doxa: Anti-magnetism, anti-shock, and an unbreakable spring. In 1956 the company added the "Instantaneous" Ref. 15001, a central-seconds watch with hacking seconds and a "hold" feature activated by pressing the crown. The company added a model with a pushbutton to reset the seconds hand and a pulsometer scale on the dial by 1959.

Doxa continued a strong association with Germany after the war, outfitting the German World Cup football team with gold watches. But Doxa was popular worldwide, thanks to a wide range of quality offerings and strong distribution.

Emile Jauslin had risen to become managing director of the company following the sudden deaths of his predecessors, Jacques Nardin in 1950 and Edouard Jenny in 1953. Working with commercial director Emile Perrenoud and advertising manager Paul Henry, Jauslin worked to establish Doxa as a modern brand. One of his most important accomplishments was the 1956 introduction of the "Grafic", a line of square watches featuring 12 straight radial lines emanating from the center. Most watches were quite ornate in the mid-1950s, but younger buyers were enamored by the plain Bauhaus aesthetic. Paul Henry, working with Jean Perrelet, created a plain watch with a dial adorned only with a crosshair (at first) and then radial lines. The company also moved the brand name to the lower right corner and later added a round date window at the upper left. The watch was incredibly successful in the fashion-conscious Italian market before becoming a best-seller worldwide.

In 1958 Doxa introduced a model with retrograde hours and an open arched window showing the sun and moon. Another unusual model was the "Individual", introduced in 1959, which features the solid gold initials of its owner on the dial.

The Doxa Sub

At the Basel Fair in 1967, Doxa introduced the "Sub 300", a waterproof diving watch popular with sport and military divers. The Sub 300 was submersible to 30 atmospheres and featured a special turning bezel for computing dive times and an expandable bracelet. It was available in three versions: The Professional featured an orange dial, the Sharkhunter a black dial, and the Searaider with a gray metallic dial. The orange dial and over-sized minute hand would become symbols of the model and the brand.

A Sub 300 T Conquistador model was introduced at the Basel fair in 1968. It featured a pressure release valve at 9:00 on the case along with the signature one-way computer bezel, orange dial, and over-sized minutes hand. A ladies model, the Sub 200 Coraline was also introduced.

In 1969 Doxa introduced the Sub 200 T-Graph, a chronograph model of the Sub. It features the one-way bezel computer, over-sized minutes hand, and orange dial but adds a 30-minute counter at 3:00. It was water resistant to 200 meters.

Synchron

Doxa was facing hard times, however, and the brand joined ASUAG in 1968. On March 27, 1969 it was placed in their new Synchron group alongside Ernest Borel and Cyma and the three brands were marketed together throughout the 1970's.

At the height of the quartz crisis, the Synchron group brands were sold and Ernest Borel and Doxa were taken over by Aubry Frères in 1978. Doxa would be Aubry's primary brand in Europe, while Ernest Borel focused on the Americas and China and West End watch in the Middle East.

Doxa Today

In 1997, the Doxa brand was purchased by the Jenny family of Bienne, Switzerland. The Sub was re-launched in 2002 and the Grafic in 2007. Once again, Doxa focuses on sport and especially dive watches, with the orange dial Sub prominently featured. In 2004 Doxa released the "Mythos 54", a watch commemorating the 1954 World Cup victory of the German National football team. Romeo Jenny was director of the company at this time.

In 2014 the brand released an 8 Day "manufacture" movement watch to celebrate their history.

Timeline

Important People

Georges Ducommun

See Also: Georges Ducommun
  • 1868 - Georges-Arthur Ducommun-dit-Verron is born in Le Locle
  • 1889 - Georges Ducommun begins production of watches at his home, Girardet 68, in Le Locle
  • 1895, April - The head of the business Georges Ducommun in Le Locle is Georges-Arthur Ducommun, in Le Locle, domiciled there. Type of business: Manufacture of watches. Offices and workshops: 68 Girardet
  • 1896, May - Georges Ducommun marries Lucie Droz-dit-Busset; two children soon follow
  • 1896 - The Ducommun family and business move to a larger house at Rue des Billodes 28
  • 1900 - Georges Ducommun constructs a factory adjacent to his home on Rue des Billodes
  • 1902, March 7 - The "Anti-Magnétique DOXA" trademark (CH14384) is registered in Switzerland
  • 1903, September 3 - The "Automobil DOXA" trademark is registered in Switzerland
  • 1904, December 6 - The "SIDUS" trademark is registered in Switzerland
  • 1905, January 28 - The "Protos" trademark is registered in Switzerland
  • 1906 - Doxa wins a gold medal at the International Exposition in Milan
  • 1907, August 6 - The "Va Sano" trademark is registered in Switzerland
  • 1908 - Doxa patents an 8-day watch movement
  • 1909, December - The eponymous business of Georges Ducommun in Le Locle changed its name to "Doxa Watch Factory, Georges Ducommun".
  • 1909, December 13 - Two design patents (CH17517) are registered for watch movements
  • 1910, March 5 - The stand-alone "DOXA" trademark is registered in Switzerland
  • 1910, December 30 - The "OXA" trademark (CH28603) is registered in Switzerland
  • 1912 - Georges Ducommun purchases the historic Château-des-Monts above Le Locle
  • 1919 - The Ducommun factory at Rue des Billodes is expanded
  • 1919, May 16 - Hélène-Lucie Ducommun marries Jacques-André Nardin, son of Paul-David Nardin and grandson of Ulysse Nardin
  • 1920 - The young son of Georges Ducommun dies while on a business trip to New York
  • 1920, May - The Doxa Watch Factory, Georges Ducommun in Le Locle gives power of attorney to Jacques-André Nardin
  • 1920, December 3 - The "DOMINANT" trademark is registered in Switzerland
  • 1920, December - Georges Ducommun becomes vice-president of the board of Fabrique d'Horlogerie de Sonceboz
  • 1921 - Doxa begins supplying automobile clocks to Bugatti
  • 1922, June 9 - The "Anti-Magnétique DOXA" trademark (CH52223) is renewed in Switzerland
  • 1923, December 21 - The stand-alone "DOXA" trademark (CH55494) is renewed in Switzerland
  • 1924, January 30 - The "SIDUS" trademark (CH55669) is renewed in Switzerland
  • 1924, June 28 - Georges Ducommun is made vice-president of the board of La Nouvelle Société Anonyme des Automobiles Martini of Saint-Blaise
  • 1924, September - The Doxa Watch Factory Georges Ducommun, manufacture of watches, in Locle gives power of attorney to Bernard Laberty, formerly of Perret et Berthoud, and Alcide Matile, from La Sagne, both domiciled in Le Locle, who will commit the house by their signature affixed collectively.
  • 1925, February 4 - The "Protos" trademark (CH58076) is renewed in Switzerland
  • 1925, April 23 - Georges Ducommun joins the board of Comptoir des Montres Zénith in Le Locle
  • 1926, October - Doxa Watch Factory, Georges Ducommun, in Le Locle gives power of attorney to Edouard-Christian Jenny, originally from Bern, who will sign jointly with Bernard Laberty and Alcide Matile.
  • 1926, November 22 - The "DOXA - La Règle du Temps" picture mark (CH63151) featuring a classical figure holding the hands of a clock with roman numerals is registered
  • 1927, November 8 - Georges Ducommun, Jacques Nardin, and Alfred Nardin join the board of Fabriques Le Phare SA in Le Locle
  • 1927, June 3 - Georges Ducommun joins the board of H. Moser & Cie. in Le Locle
  • 1929, December 16 - Georges Perrenoud takes over Fabriques Le Phare SA, removing Georges Ducommun, Jacques Nardin, and Alfred Nardin from the board
  • 1929, December 26 - The pictorial "DOXA" logo (CH71491) with hands emanating from a pocket watch is registered
  • 1930, June 30 - Georges Ducommun is removed from the board of La Nouvelle Société Anonyme des Automobiles Martini
  • 1930, May 18 - Georges Ducommun is removed from the board of Comptoir des Montres Zénith and Zénith Watch Co., Great Britain
  • 1931, April 2 - The "OXA" trademark (CH74653) is renewed in Switzerland
  • 1933, April 26 - Doxa takes over patent CH141098, "Dispositif d'absorption de chocs et de protection de pivots d'axes dans les mouvements d'horlogerie, compteurs etc" from the Banque Cantonale Neuchâteloise; it was originally registered by Fabrique Election on July 27, 1929 before being transferred to the bank on July 15, 1930
  • 1934, April 6 - Jacques Nardin replaces Georges Ducommun on the board of Fabriques des Montres Zénith
  • 1935, August 28 - Patent CH141098 is transferred from Doxa to Montres Zodiac of Le Locle
  • 1936, February 1 - Doxa registers the "AXOD" trademark (CH87685) in Switzerland
  • 1936, August 25 - Georges Ducommun dies

Manufacture des Montres Doxa

See Also: Jacques-André Nardin, Edouard-Christian Jenny, Eric-Alfred Perrenoud, and Emile-Albert Jauslin
  • 1937, February 8 - A new public limited company called Manufacture des Montres Doxa with headquarters in Le Locle took over the assets and liabilities of the firm "Doxa Watch Factory, Georges Ducommun", and continued the operation of the factory. This recovery takes place on the basis of an inventory and a balance sheet as at 31 December 1936 with assets of 698,169 fr. 43 including: real estate, goods, receivables, securities and cash, and liabilities of 398,169 fr. 43 including: a claim secured by mortgage of 196,750 fr. and unsecured claims. The net assets of 300,000 francs are payable by the delivery of 200 shares of 1000 francs to the widow of Georges Ducommun and 100 shares to Hélène Nardin née Ducommun. The duration of the company is unlimited. The share capital is set at 500,000 francs, divided into 500 bearer shares of 1000 francs each, fully released. The company's publications will be made in the Swiss Official Trade Gazette. The administration of the company is entrusted to one or more members who bind the company by their individual signature. Only one director was appointed in the person of Jacques-André Nardin, son of Paul-David, industrialist, from Locle, domiciled there. Offices: Rue des Billodes 26.
  • 1937, March - Following the death of Georges Ducommun, the firm "Doxa Watch Factory, Georges Ducommun" is deleted, with assets and liabilities taken over by the limited company "Manufacture des Montres Doxa"; Edouard Jenny is made commercial director and accountant Bernard Laberty is board proxy of the new company
  • 1939, January - Georges Ducommun is officially removed from the board of H. Moser & Cie.
  • 1943, November 8 - The "DOXA" mark (CH105623) is renewed under the new company name in Switzerland
  • 1944 - Doxa launches a round wristwatch with a date pointer
  • 1944, May 31 - The "Fonds des œuvres sociales de Manufacture des montres DOXA" (workers' compensation fund) is established for Doxa workers; the board of directors consists of Jacques-André Nardin (president), Edouard-Christian Jenny (vice president), and Bernard Laberty (secretary and treasurer)
  • 1944, July 20 - The company name is changed to "Manufacture des Montres Doxa SA"; the purpose of the company is "manufacture, purchase and sale of watches. It may be interested in all: commercial, industrial, financial, movable or real estate transactions relating directly or indirectly, in whole or in part, to the above object or to any similar or related objects, both in Switzerland and abroad"; 500 bearer vouchers without nominal value are issued giving holders the right to a portion of the net profit; directors are named: Jacques-André Nardin (managing director) and Edouard-Christian Jenny (director and commercial director)
  • 1945, December 18 - The board of the workers' fund is modified: Jacques-André Nardin remains president while Edouard-Christian Jenny becomes first vice-president and Bernard Laberty becomes second vice-president; Eric-Alfred Perrenoud of La Sagne and Ponts-de-Martel becomes secretary and treasurer
  • 1946, January 17 - the board of directors confers power of attorney to Emile-Albert Jauslin from Muttenz
  • 1946, January 26 - The "DOXA - La Règle du Temps" picture mark (CH114073) is renewed
  • 1948, January - The board of directors confers power of attorney to Eric-Alfred Perrenoud
  • 1948, January 28 - The workers' fund is expanded to cover old-age pensions
  • 1949, December 7 - The pictorial "DOXA" logo (CH131514) with hands emanating from a pocket watch is renewed
  • 1950, February 22 - Accountant Bernard Laberty is arrested in a bribery scandal: He was accused of accepting 70,000 francs to steer business to certain wholesalers of Doxa watches
  • 1950, March 8 - Doxa withdraws the complaint against Bernard Laberty following his confession and payment of a penalty to the company; he is released from prison
  • 1950, May - Bernard Laberty is officially dismissed from his duties at Doxa
  • 1950, August 26 - Jacques-André Nardin dies suddenly, leaving the company leaderless
  • 1950, November 16 - Bernard Laberty's appeal of his sentence is denied
  • 1950, December 14 - Following the death of Jacques-André Nardin, President, and the dismissal of Bernard Laberty, 2nd Vice-President, the workers' fund board of directors appointed two new members: Hélène Nardin née Ducommun is president, Edouard-Christian Jenny is vice-president, Eric-Alfred Perrenoud is secretary-treasurer, Emile-Albert Jauslin is assessor
  • 1951, January 5 - At the shareholders' meeting the Board of Directors appointed Edouard-Christian Jenny as Director following the death of Jacques-André Nardin; Hélène Nardin née Ducommun is president and managing director, Edouard-Christian Jenny is vice-president and director, Edouard Wenger, Max Jaggi, Louis Huguenin, and Jean Perrin are directors
  • 1951, June 23 - At its meeting, the board of directors appointed Edouard-Christian Jenny as general manager, Eric-Alfred Perrenoud as commercial director, and Emile-Albert Jauslin as manufacturing director
  • 1953, January 28 - Edouard Jenny, General Manager of Doxa, dies; he is removed as director in June
  • 1953, June - Jean Perrin takes the place of Edouard Jenny as vice-president of the workers' fund
  • 1954 - Doxa presents a gold watch to every player on the World Cup winning German national team
  • 1955, July 28 - Hélène Nardin-Ducommun, chairwoman of Doxa, daughter of founder Georges Ducommun, and widow of general manager Jacques Nardin, dies
  • 1955, October 31 - Following the death of Hélène Nardin, Pierre-William-Marc Duchosal becomes a director; the board of directors consists of president Max Jaggi, vice-president and managing director Louis Huguenin, director Emile-Albert Jauslin, and appointed Louise-Germaine Dubois, Marcel-Paul Bouverat, and Paul-Edouard Henry
  • 1955, December 23 - Hélène Nardin-Ducommun is replaced at the workers' fund by Jean Perrin as president, Emile-Albert Jauslin as vice-president, Eric-Alfred Perrenoud as secretary-treasurer, and Marcel-Paul Bouverat as assessor
  • 1956 - Doxa introduces the bold Grafic line
  • 1961, December - Following his resignation, Edouard Wenger is no longer a member of the Board of Directors
  • 1964 - General manager Emile Jauslin dies in a car accident; his son Jean-Frédéric would become Director of the Swiss Office for Cultural Affairs
  • 1964, August - Following the death of Emile Jauslin, Urs Eschle becomes commercial director and Jean Robert becomes technical director; Eric Perrenoud becomes vice-president of the workers' fund, while Marcel-Paul Bouverat replaces him as secretary-treasurer
  • 1966, September - The signature of Louise-Germaine Dubois is removed
  • 1967 - Doxa introduces the Sub 300 T dive watch
  • 1968 - Doxa introduces the Sub 200 ladies dive watch
  • 1968, September - The signature of Urs-Aloïs Eschle is removed; André Theurillat is appointed general manager

Synchron SA

See Also: Synchron and Chronos Holding
  • 1968, December 18 - The firm Ernest Borel & Cie SA changes its name to Synchron SA
  • 1969, February - Following resignations, the signatures of Max Jaggi, Chairman of the Board of Directors, and Pierre Ducbosal, Director, are deleted; appointed director, as chairman of the board, Jean-Louis Borel, and directors, Jean. Hegetschweiler and Jean-Robert Bugnion; the appointments of Louis Huguenin as vice-president and managing director are extinguished, he remains director
  • 1969, March 27 - Synchron SA takes over Cyma Watch Co SA and Manufacture des Montres Doxa SA: Following the authentic minutes of its general meeting of March 27, 1969, the company decided to merge with Synchron SA; on the basis of a balance sheet at 31 December 1968 according to which Synchron SA universally takes over the assets and liabilities of Manufacture des Montres Doxa SA; Manufacture des Montres Doxa SA is dissolved
  • 1970 - Doxa introduces the Sub 600 Conquistador with helium escape valve
  • 1973 - Doxa introduces the Sub 250 with crown at 4:00
  • 1977 - Synchron SA begins bankruptcy proceedings
  • 1995 - Doxa introduces a re-edition of the Grafic line

Jenny Family

  • 1997 - Doxa is purchased by the Jenny family; Romeo F. Jenny becomes president
  • 2002 - Doxa launches a re-edition of the Sub 300 T
  • 2004 - Doxa launches the "Mythos 54" watch
  • 2007 - Doxa re-launches the Grafic line for its 50th anniversary