SSIH

SSIH (Société Suisse pour l’Industrie Horlogére SA) was a group of Swiss watch companies. It was formed in 1929 and merged with ASUAG in 1983, becoming ASUAG-SSIH, then SMH, which was renamed Swatch Group in 1998.

History of the SSIH

Cutthroat competition among watch producers after World War I caused a crisis in the Swiss watch industry. Although the strongest firms had recovered by the late 1920s, there was great concern that the traditional way of watchmaking would not be competitive against high-volume manufacturers in Germany, France, England, and the United States. Omega and Tissot had long been leaders in industrial watchmaking, bringing many aspects under one roof in Bienne and Le Locle, respectively, and saw that a combined company would be stronger in the face of competition.

In 1928, Paul Tissot and Gustave Brandt began discussing a merger or the formation of a holding company. This was ratified in a meeting on February 24, 1930. On February 25, Louis-Gustave and Adrien-Gustave Brandt (president of Omega) joined the board of administration for Tissot, and on March 6, Paul Tissot became a director of Omega. This was preparation for the March 8, 1930 registration of Société Suisse pour l'Industrie Horlogére SA (SSIH), a corporation that would own and operate both companies. The board of this holding company was headed by Adrien Brandt as president and Edouard Tissot (president of the Chambre Suisse) as vice-president, with Ernest Brandt as secretary and Gustave Brandt, Paul-Emile Brandt, Emile Ott, Hermann Flückiger, Charles Tissot, Paul Tissot, and Henry-A. Riecket rounding out the board. The new company was headquartered at Rue du Stand 59 in Geneva. Most of these were added to the boards of Omega and Tissot over the next two years as well.

The SSIH was formed by Omega and Tissot in 1930, with Lemania joining shortly afterward

Lemania was purchased by SSIH on June 1, 1932, with Paul Tissot and Gustave Brandt joining the board in 1934. This was the first purchase by SSIH and was done to secure chronograph movements for timers to use at the Olympic Games in Los Angeles that year. Production of chronographs and timers by Lemania tripled during World War II, and Omega launched their first automatic winding watch in 1948, a year after Tissot.

Through the 1930s, Paul Tissot became Commercial Manager while Gustave Brandt directed distribution and branding. Complicated movement specialist Lemania was added in 1932, as the Great Depression began to impact the Swiss industry.

A similar holding company, ASUAG, was formed by Ebauches SA, along with A. Schild, FHF, and AMSA, in 1931, and the two became dominant over the following decades. While many companies joined ASUAG, SSIH was more selective, with Marc Favre bringing ladies watches, Rayville joining as a compact watch specialist, and Lanco, Aetos, and Est bringing low-cost mass-market watches.

In total, SSIH included 28 companies across 12 countries by the 1960s. It included 76,000 employees and sold watches through 15,000 retailers around the world, making it the third-largest watch company in the world at that time. In 1968, the board of directors hired consulting company McKinsey to evaluate the prospects for SSIH as the watch industry changed in the 1970s, and the firm recommended a functional integration of all companies.

Thanks to its diverse output, SSIH was able to weather the global financial shocks of the 1970s, with Omega and Tissot remaining strong even as the other brands (including Rayville's Blancpain and the various companies of Economic Swiss Time Holding, purchased in 1971) lost market share. Hamilton (added in 1974) would also remain active.

As of the 50th anniversary of the SSIH in 1980, the group consisted of three profit centers:

• Omega Group: Omega, Marc Favre, Rayville
• Tissot Group: Tissot, Lanco, Aetos
• Sales centers Precision Watch of Melbourne, Allen & Young of Wellington New Zealand, Omega Watch of London, UHG of Frankfurt, SCR of Buenos-Aires, and CIR of Sao Paolo

Despite the industry consolidation of the 1960s and 1970s, the rising Swiss franc and advent of international competition forced the Swiss industry to consolidate further. In 1980, Nicolas G. Hayek recommended that SSIH merge with ASUAG and weaker components be spun off or shut down. On May 23, 1983, the merger of ASUAG and SSIH was announced, and ASUAG-SSIH was formed in December. A larger holding company, SMH, was created in 1985, and this would be the predecessor for the modern Swatch Group.

SSIH timeline

• 1928 - Omega and Tissot begin discussions of a merger or holding company.
• 1930, February 24 - Omega and Tissot form a holding company, SSIH (Société Suisse pour l'Industrie Horlogère), headquartered at Rue du Stand 50 in Geneva; share capital is 5.3 million francs; the board of directors consisted of president Adrien Brandt, vice-president Edouard Tissot, secretary Ernest Brandt, managing director Gustave Brandt, and members Paul-Emile Brandt, Charles Tissot, Paul Tissot, Henry-A. Rieckel, banker Emile Ott, and notary Hermann Flückiger. Paul Tissot served as Commercial Manager while Gustave Brandt directed branding and distribution.
• 1932, June 10 - Lemania joins SSIH group; share capital is increased to 5.55 million francs by issuing 500 new shares; Marius-Ami Meylan represented the Lemania factory on the board of directors
• 1935 - The offices of SSIH are relocated to Rue du Mont-Blanc 3, the offices of the Société Anonyme Fiduciaire Suisse
• 1938 - Emile Ott resigns and Charles Tissot is removed from the board following his death
• 1939 - Edouard-Louis Tissot is appointed administrator following the death of his father, Edouard Tissot; his position as vice-president of the board of directors is taken over by Paul Tissot
• 1944, December 1 - The function of SSIH is clarified as being solely financial in nature, with the company unable to produce products of its own
• 1946, August - Gustave Brandt is appointed vice-president of the board
• 1947, July 18 - Share capital is increased from 5.5 million to 7.4 million francs by issuing 3,700 new shares
• 1949 - Dr. Joseph Reiser and Robert-Louis Brandt are elected members of the board of directors
• 1951 - Gustave Brandt is removed from the board following his death; Ernest Brandt is no longer secretary but remains on the board
• 1951, August 16 - Following his death, Paul Tissot is removed from the board of Omega and SSIH; Paul-E. Brandt is appointed vice-president of the board
• 1951, October - Marie Tissot takes a seat on the board
• 1955 - The Marc Favre company of Bienne is purchased, providing specialized movements for women
• 1955, January - Following his death, Paul-E. Brandt is removed from the board; Robert Favre is appointed member of the board of directors and Joseph Reiser is appointed vice-president
• 1955, April - Following his death, Adrien Brandt is removed; Joseph Reiser is promoted from vice-president to president; Edmond Wehrli is appointed member of the board of directors
• 1956, April - Adolphe Vallat and Charles Brandt are appointed members of the board of directors
• 1958, September 26 - The company's share structure changes, with bearer shares converted into registered shares with 14,800 vouchers created without nominal value; Jean Favre is appointed member of the board of directors; Robert Favre is removed following his death
• 1959, May - Following his death, Ernest Brandt is no longer an administrator; Joseph Reiser is president, Robert-Louis Brandt is appointed vice-president, signing collectively with Marius-Ami Meylan, Edouard-Louis Tissot, Marie Tissot, Jean Favre, or Adolphe Valet
• 1960, June - Hermann Flückiger is replaced on the board by Cyril Chessex
• Lanco, Cortebert, Marc Favre, and Hamilton were added over the years.
• 1961 - Rayville joins, bringing the Blancpain brand
• 1961, May - Adolphe Vallat is no longer an administrator; Hans Flückiger is appointed a member of the board of directors; Charles Brandt is appointed to the management committee and shares collective signature with Robert-Louis Brandt
• 1962, May - Berthe-Marie Fiechter of Rayville joins the board of directors

• 1963, October - The address of the SSIH is updated to Rue Ami-Lullin 4 in Geneva
• 1965, September - Alain Nicati is named administrator with signing authority
• 1965 - Lanco joins, with 1,000 workers centered in Langendorf; total SSIH employment is 6,000 workers
• 1966 - Fritz Schürch joins the board of directors
• 1967, September 29 - Share capital is increased from 7.4 million to 10 million francs by the issuance of 5,200 new shares
• 1968, March - Manfred Laumann is named deputy director with collective signature with Robert-Louis Brandt or Alain Nicati
• 1969, August - Administrators Marius-Ami Meylan, Edouard-Louis Tissot, Marie Tissot, Charles Brandt, Jean Favre and Betty Fiechter sign collectively with two; Collective signature of two is conferred on Marc Favre; Georges-A. Fiechter and Jean-Jacques Schwarz are named directors; collective signature of two was conferred on Manfred Laumann and Jean-Pierre Naz, deputy directors; collective signature with a director is given to Alain Nicati, deputy director
• 1969 - Aetos of Geneva is purchased, bringing large production capacity
• 1970, May - Collective signature for two is conferred on Peter Waltz, general manager, and Max Schäfer, secretary
• 1970, October - Jean-Jacques Schwarz is removed
• 1970, October 2 - Share capital is increased from 10 million to 27 million francs by the incorporation of reserves up to 12 million francs and the issuance of 170,000
• 1970, November - An official English name is added: "Swiss Watch Industry Corporation Ltd."
• 1970, November - Marc Favre is removed; administrator Cyril Chessex and Luc Tissot are appointed directors
• 1971, March 3 - Share capital is increased from 27 million to 30 million francs by the issuance of 30,000 shares as Agon Uhrenfabrik Robert Triebold AG, Montres Buler SA, and Ferex SA are acquired; Othmar Triebold joins the board of directors with a collective signature of two; Edouard-Louis Tissot is appointed second vice-president; Jean-Pierre Naz moves from deputy director to director
• 1971 - Economic Swiss Time Holding (ESTH) was integrated with with the budget watch brands AGON, Buler, Continental, and Ferex. With the advent of electronic watches in the "quartz crisis of the 1970s, mechanical watch revenues of the SSIH group fell massively.
• 1971, November - Betty Fiechter (deceased), Cyril Chessex, Georges-A. Fiechter, Manfred Laumann, Alain Nicati, and Luc Tissot are removed
• 1972, September - Jean Favre, Marius-Ami Meylan, Marie Tissot, and Henry-A. Rieckel are no longer administrators; Max Schäfer's powers are removed; Peter Waltz, General Manager, joins the Board of Directors; Marc Favre, Jean-Jacques Fiechter, Théo Girard, René Meylan, and Luc Tissot are members of the board of directors; collective signature for two was conferred on Georges-Adrien Matthey-de-l'Endroit, Secretary General
• 1972 - The holding company of Hamilton was taken over, moving the headquarters to Geneva; SSIH also acquired a stake in Intersil in Cupertino California and its subsidiary Eurosil in Munich as well as Optel, supplier of opto-electronics
• 1973, June - Edouard-Louis Tissot is no longer vice-president but remains a member of the board of directors; Philippe de Weck is a member of the board of directors
• 1974, January 1 - The Langendorf factory is closed and the Lanco brand is used on other inexpensive watches as well as "Lanco-Economic" machinery
• 1974, June 5 - Share capital is increased from 30 million to 44 million francs by the issuance of 65,000 shares
• 1974, August - Edouard-Louis Tissot is no longer a director; Giuseppe Bertola and Cyril Chessex are members of the board of directors
• 1975, June 18 - Joseph Reiser and Fritz Schürch are no longer administrators; Peter Waltz is no longer a director or general manager; administrator Giuseppe Bertola was appointed president with a collective signature of two; Charles Bauty is a member of the board of directors; vice-president Robert-Louis Brandt is no longer member of the management committee; collective signature for two was conferred on José Julita and Mas Ruegger, directors; Othmar Triebold is no longer a director; Georges-Adrien Matthey-de-l'Endroit is director and secretary of the board of directors but no longer secretary general
• 1980 - Management consultant Nicolas G. Hayek was commissioned by creditor banks to restructure the group. This provided the impetus for the merger of SSIH with the competing companies in the ASUAG group. This company became known as SMH. Crucial to its survival, and subsequently a great success, was the launch of the Swatch at Trenduhr.
• 1981 - Blancpain is sold to Jean-Claude Biver and Jacques Piguet of Frédéric Piguet
• 1998 - SMH was renamed Swatch Group.

Members

A 1970 list of members included the following

• Omega (Louis Brandt & Frère SA), Bienne
  • Marc Favre & Cie SA, Bienne
  • Rayville SA, Villeret
• Chs. Tissot & Fils SA, Le Locle
  • Aetos Watch Co, Genève
  • Lanco
• Lugrin Lémania SA, L'Orient
• Langendorf Watch Co, Langendorf

A 1978 list of members included the following

• Aetos
• Agon
• Buler
• Continental
• Ferex
• Hamilton
• Lanco
• Lemania
• Omega
• Rayville
• Tissot